ISO/IEC17025:2017《檢測和校準(zhǔn)實驗室能力通用要求》術(shù)語和定義
更新日期:2023-03-16 10:13:22 已瀏覽:2410次
ISO/IEC17025:2017 是國際組織發(fā)布的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),名稱為《檢測和校準(zhǔn)實驗室能力通用要求》,是國際實驗室認(rèn)可合作組織(ILAC)提出、由ISO和IEC兩大技術(shù)機構(gòu)編制的國際通用實驗室能力認(rèn)可依據(jù),是參與簽訂國際實驗室互認(rèn)協(xié)議(MAR)的基礎(chǔ)。CNAS-CL01:2018是由CNAS發(fā)布,等同采用ISO/IEC17025:2017。
1 范圍Scope
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了承擔(dān)國防科技工業(yè)任務(wù)的實驗室能力、公正性以及一致運作的通用要求。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于所有從事國防科技工業(yè)實驗室活動的組織,不論其人員數(shù)量多少。
本準(zhǔn)則是DILAC對檢測實驗室和校準(zhǔn)實驗室進行認(rèn)可的依據(jù)。
實驗室的客戶、法定管理機構(gòu)、使用同行評審的組織和方案、認(rèn)可機構(gòu)及其他機構(gòu)采用本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)證實或承認(rèn)實驗室能力。
2 規(guī)范性引用文件Normative references
下列文件對于本文件的應(yīng)用是必不可少的。凡是注明日期的引用文件,僅注明日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注明日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
3 術(shù)語和定義Terms and definitions
ISO/IEC指南99和ISO/IEC 17000中界定的以及下述術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。
ISO和IEC維護的用于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的術(shù)語數(shù)據(jù)庫地址如下:
——ISO在線瀏覽平臺:
——IEC電子開放平臺:
3.1 公正性 impartiality
客觀性的存在Presence of objectivity。
注1:客觀性意味著利益沖突不存在或已解決,不會對實驗室(3.6)的后續(xù)活動產(chǎn)生不利影響。
Note 1 to entry: Objectivity means that conflicts of interest do not exist, or are resolved so as not to adversely influence subsequent activities of the laboratory (3.6).
注2:其他可用于表示公正性要素的術(shù)語有:無利益沖突、沒有成見、沒有偏見、中立、公平、思想開明、不偏不倚、不受他人影響、平衡。
Note 2 to entry: Other terms that are useful in conveying the element of impartiality include “freedom from conflict of interests”, “freedom from bias”, “l(fā)ack of prejudice”, “neutrality”, “fairness”, “open-mindedness”, “even-handedness”, “detachment”, “balance”.
注3:改寫GB/T 27021.1—2017,定義3.2。修改——在注1中以“實驗室”代替“認(rèn)證機構(gòu)”,并在注2中刪除了“獨立”。
ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015, 3.2, modified - The words "the certification body" have been replaced by "the laboratory" in Note 1 to entry, and the word "independence" has been deleted from the list in Note 2 to entry.
3.2 投訴 complaint
任何人員或組織向?qū)嶒炇遥?.6)就其活動或結(jié)果表達(dá)不滿意,并期望得到回復(fù)的行為。
Expression of dissatisfaction by any person or organization to a laboratory (3.6), relating to the activities or results of that laboratory, where a response is expected.
注:改寫GB/T 27000—2006,定義6.5。修改—刪除了“除申訴外”,以“實驗室就其活動或結(jié)果”代替“合格評定機構(gòu)或認(rèn)可機構(gòu)就其活動”。
ISO/IEC 17000:2004, 6.5, modified The words "other than appeal" have been deleted, and the words "a conformity assessment body or accreditation body, relating to the activities of that body" have been replaced by "a laboratory, relating to the activities or results of that laboratory".
3.3 實驗室間比對 interlaboratory comparison
按照預(yù)先規(guī)定的條件,由兩個或多個實驗室對相同或類似的物品進行測量或檢測的組織、實施和評價。
organization, performance and evaluation of measurements or tests on the same or similar items by two or more laboratories in accordance with predetermined conditions
[GB/T 27043—2012, 定義3.4]
3.4 實驗室內(nèi)比對 intralaboratory comparison
按照預(yù)先規(guī)定的條件,在同一實驗室(3.6)內(nèi)部對相同或類似的物品進行測量或檢測的組織、實施和評價。
organization, performance and evaluation of measurements or tests on the same or similar items, within the same laboratory (3.6), in accordance with predetermined conditions
3.5 能力驗證 Proficiency Testing (PT)
利用實驗室間比對,按照預(yù)先制定的準(zhǔn)則評價參加者的能力。
evaluation of participant performance against pre-established criteria by means of interlaboratory comparisons.
注:改寫GB/T 27043—2012, 定義3.7,修改——刪除了注。
3.6 實驗室 laboratory
從事下列一種或多種活動的機構(gòu):
body that performs one or more of the following activities:
——檢測testing;
——校準(zhǔn)calibration;
——與后續(xù)檢測或校準(zhǔn)相關(guān)的抽樣sampling, associated with subsequent testing or calibration。
注:在本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中,“實驗室活動”指上述三種活動。
Note 1 to entry: In the context of this document, “l(fā)aboratory activities” refer to the three above-mentioned activities.
3.7 判定規(guī)則 decision rule
當(dāng)聲明與規(guī)定要求的符合性時,描述如何考慮測量不確定度的規(guī)則。
rule that describes how measurement uncertainty is accounted for when stating conformity with a specified requirement.
3.8 驗證 verification
提供客觀證據(jù),證明給定項目滿足規(guī)定要求。
provision of objective evidence that a given item fulfils specified requirements.
示例1:證實在測量取樣質(zhì)量小至10mg時,對于相關(guān)量值和測量程序,給定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)的均勻性與其聲稱的一致。
EXAMPLE 1 Confirmation that a given reference material as claimed is homogeneous for the quantity value and measurement procedure concerned, down to a measurement portion having a mass of 10 mg.
示例2:證實已達(dá)到測量系統(tǒng)的性能特性或法定要求。
EXAMPLE 2 Confirmation that performance properties or legal requirements of a measuring system are achieved.
示例3:證實可滿足目標(biāo)測量不確定度。
EXAMPLE 3 Confirmation that a target measurement uncertainty can be met.
注1:適用時,宜考慮測量不確定度。
Note 1 to entry: When applicable, measurement uncertainty should be taken into consideration.
注2:項目可以是,例如一個過程、測量程序、物質(zhì)、化合物或測量系統(tǒng)。
Note 2 to entry: The item may be, for example, a process, measurement procedure, material, compound, or measuring system.
注3:滿足規(guī)定要求,如制造商的規(guī)范。
Note 3 to entry: The specified requirements may be, for example, that a manufacturer’s specifications are met.
注4:在國際法制計量術(shù)語(VIML)中定義的驗證,以及在合格評定中通常所講的驗證,是指對測量系統(tǒng)的檢查并加標(biāo)記和(或)出具驗證證書。在我國的法制計量領(lǐng)域,“驗證”也稱為“檢定”。
Note 4 to entry: Verification in legal metrology, as defined in VIML, and in conformity assessment in general, pertains to the examination and marking and/or issuing of a verification certificate for a measuring system.
注5:驗證不宜與校準(zhǔn)混淆。不是每個驗證都是確認(rèn)(3.9)。
Note 5 to entry: Verification should not be confused with calibration. Not every verification is a validation (3.9).
注6:在化學(xué)中,驗證實體身份或活性時,需要描述該實體或活性的結(jié)構(gòu)或特性。
Note 6 to entry: In chemistry, verification of the identity of the entity involved, or of activity, requires a description of the structure or properties of that entity or activity.
[ ISO/IEC 指南99:2007,定義2.44]
3.9 確認(rèn) validation
對規(guī)定要求滿足預(yù)期用途的驗證(3.8)。
verification (3.8), where the specified requirements are adequate for an intended use
示例:通常用于測量水中氮的質(zhì)量濃度的測量程序,經(jīng)過確認(rèn)后也可用于測量人體血清中氮的質(zhì)量濃度。
EXAMPLE A measurement procedure, ordinarily used for the measurement of mass concentration of nitrogen in water, may be validated also for measurement of mass concentration of nitrogen in human serum.
[ISO/IEC指南99:2007,定義2.45]
GL030認(rèn)可指南:
企業(yè)內(nèi)部檢測實驗室
產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)者或其他機構(gòu)內(nèi)的實驗室,承擔(dān)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)各個階段的質(zhì)量控制工作,包括原材料、半成品、成品的檢測工作等。
分隔
通過設(shè)置物理阻斷如墻壁、衛(wèi)生屏障、遮罩或獨立房間等進行隔離。
RL01認(rèn)可規(guī)則:
授權(quán)簽字人
經(jīng)CNAS認(rèn)可,簽發(fā)帶認(rèn)可標(biāo)識/聯(lián)合標(biāo)識的報告或證書的人員。
測量審核
一個參加者對被測物品(材料或制品)進行實際測試,將測試結(jié)果與參考值進行比較的活動。
監(jiān)督評審
為驗證獲準(zhǔn)認(rèn)可機構(gòu)是否持續(xù)地符合認(rèn)可條件而在認(rèn)可有效期內(nèi)安排的定期或不定期的評審。
認(rèn)可評定
根據(jù)認(rèn)可規(guī)則和認(rèn)可準(zhǔn)則的要求,對認(rèn)可評審的結(jié)論及相關(guān)信息進行審查,并作出有關(guān)是否批準(zhǔn)、保持、擴大、縮小、暫?;虺蜂N認(rèn)可資格的決定意見。
觀察員
CNAS為特定目的派出的對評審活動進行現(xiàn)場觀察的人員(不參與評審工作)。
RL02驗證規(guī)則:
能力驗證計劃
在檢測、測量、校準(zhǔn)或檢驗的某個特定領(lǐng)域,設(shè)計和運作的一輪或多輪次能力驗證。
測量審核是能力驗證計劃的一種, 有時也稱為“一對一”的能力驗證計劃。